中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
“阳康”中如何运动?专家提醒:把握节奏与强度,循序渐进恢复锻炼****** “阳康”中如何运动?专家提醒—— 把握节奏与强度,循序渐进恢复锻炼 华声在线全媒体记者 周倜 眼下,不少新冠感染者陆续处于“阳康”的恢复阶段,何时可以恢复体育锻炼、选择哪种运动方式等话题,受到大家关注。1月9日,湖南省国民体质监测中心主任王奎针对以上热点予以解答。 循序渐进,分阶段恢复运动 “‘转阴’之后,应注意至少7至10天避免任何运动,保持静养休息。在身体逐渐恢复活力之后,可分5个阶段逐渐恢复运动锻炼频次。”王奎表示,“阳康”过后,运动锻炼需慢慢来,注意把握节奏,切勿盲目“上强度”。 王奎介绍,“五阶段恢复法”是不错的方式,该方法采取进阶式,每次进阶时间不得低于7天。人们可参考下列方法: 第一阶段为“阳康”后的第二周。此时可开始呼吸训练、拉伸、平衡练习等。以上运动基本不会耗费体力,可参照执行。 第二阶段为“阳康”后的第三周。瑜伽、相对较快的步行等低强度的运动是适合选项,也可居家进行简单且强度较低的家务劳动,每天开展10—15分钟,逐渐恢复体能。 第三阶段为“阳康”后的第四周。此阶段可逐渐开始进行低强度有氧练习和力量练习,如健步走、上下楼梯、慢骑自行车等,每次5分钟,每天开展2次。如果身体可以承受,可在次日运动时适度增加运动频次与强度,每周开展3—5天,每天总运动时间10—30分钟。 第四阶段为“阳康”后的第五周。可开展中等强度的有氧和力量练习,运动量可以恢复至平时状态的80%左右,可进行跑步、长距离骑行、舞蹈课、各种负重力量练习、功能性训练等,每周开展3—5天,每天总运动时间30—60分钟。 第五阶段为“阳康”后的第六周。此时可恢复至正常状态,按平日运动计划和习惯进行运动即可。 值得注意的是,运动过程中须及时监测心率变化及主观感觉,一旦有异常,如呼吸困难、胸闷、心悸、发热等症状,须立即停止恢复运动的进程,必要时寻求医疗帮助。 鼓励老年群体以居家锻炼为主 “阳康”阶段的老年群体健康问题,不容忽视。 王奎表示,冬季气温低,加之新冠病毒仍在,此时老年朋友不适合进行户外锻炼。无论是否已经感染新冠病毒,还是正处于感染后的恢复期,老年朋友都应以居家模式为主。 针对老年人居家,如何引导其确保自身基本的肌肉力量,预防骨质疏松等问题,王奎建议,可充分利用家中的沙发、桌椅等物件进行简单锻炼。比如,简单的起坐练习是不错选项,通过交替站起和坐下的动作,不仅能保证老年人的心肺耐力得到锻炼,也足以改善老年人肌肉流失等情况。 此外,家中的桶装水和油壶都可以作为老年人做力量练习的道具。可在老年人承受能力范围内,为其配备相应的液体容量在桶内,便于锻炼,确保安全。 可根据方法进行呼吸训练 呼吸训练法是王奎推荐的有效锻炼方式。它不仅是新冠病毒感染者在恢复阶段时能最快采用的运动方法,也有助于尽快恢复机体功能。 王奎介绍,常见的呼吸方式包括胸式呼吸和腹式呼吸。胸式呼吸指在呼吸时胸腔扩充为主;腹式呼吸指在呼吸时腹部扩充为主,胸腔移动较少,又称膈式呼吸,是更为高效的呼吸方式。 训练时,可把双手分别放置胸腔、腹部,感受胸腔、腹腔是否全面“外扩”。此外,保持吸气3秒、呼气7秒的节奏,多次训练。也可尝试鼻腔吸气、用嘴呼气的方法,该方法若不能熟练掌握,可利用“吹气球”的方式进行辅助。 “呼吸训练法,老少咸宜,不费体力,正处于恢复阶段的群众可自行训练,逐渐掌握,帮助自身尽快康复肺功能。”王奎说。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |